Tunnel kiln



Oct. 14. 1924.

W. L. HANLEY, JR

TUNNEL KILN Filed Jan. 9.

oct. 14. 1924. 1,511,218

W. L. HANLEY., JR

TUNNEL KILN Filed Jan. 9. 1923 s'snet sheet 2 on; 144 i924. Mmmm W.2.... HANLEY, JR

' TUNNEL, MLN

Film Jan. 9', 1923 3 .Shauna-Sheet 3 AY nrvenoz 3513 A.lli

Patented ll4, llllldt UNITED STUllilS ll'llENT FFlE.

To (all fic/om if may concer/'91,.'

lele it known that l', Willmann lh. llannnr.) lint a citizen oit theUnited tljtates, resid ing at Bradford, in the countyT ol llleliiean andState oilg Penns vlvania9 have invented certain new and nsc'lullinproveinents in rllunnel hlilns; and l do hereb37 declare thelollcvvinp; to be a il'ulh cleary and enact description o'lg theinventioin such as will enable others skilled 'in the art to which itappel-l ins to malte and use the saine.

lll/ly invention consists in the novel l'ealures hereinatter describeuhreference being had to the arcoi'npanyinp; drawings which show one torniot tonnel l-:iln embodying my invention, selected by nie tor purposesoil illustratioin and the said invention is 'Fully disclosedL in the'following description and claims.

My invention relates to tunnel ovens dcsigued more particularly 'torliring4 coarse rlav products such as brickss lire brick, tile, etc., inthe operation olf which three items are ol1 n'eatest importance, to Witylow cost ol plant` low cost olf operation and large output. ln tunnellrilns :tor this purpose it is desirable that the goods treated should:utter the usual prelioninarpr drying, be passed troni a cooler orpreheating Zone 'to a hotter or lire sone, and thence to a coolersaone?, tor coolingl the tired products. lt has been proposed in theconstruction ot tunnel y hilns to employ conihustion or heatinglchainbers entendiup` longitudinally through the tunnel lriln or (nien,Awithin which coinbustion takes place adjacent to the Zone of highesttenipeii'atnr@ the heated products ol. coinhustion being conductedWithin said chainbers throne/[h the cooler preliminar;7 heating` none orZones Without coming; into contact with the goods under trmttinent.llllhile this type ot kiln or oven is commercially przuitical andel'l'icient in the nianuliacture oli many articles it is open to untnnber ol' objections in connection with the lirinp1 ot coarse clayproducts. which have to a ver) large extent operated to preventextension olf the use et kilns or ovens olf this type to such products.Among these objections .may be mentioned the tollen/ing. 'lhe extremelyhigzgh initial cost ot the oven plant, which is clue to a number otfactors including1 the expensive structure oil the separate heating1cluunhcrs ot the best lire res'rtiingl material to withstan d the hi ghheat in the hotter Zones 5 ,application :filed January 9, 319231.

the necessita1 ot using,` gaseous uel which in niost installations wouldrequire the building# and operation et a gas producing` plant, at highinitial cost, and iliollcvved lay high operating,` cost andnecessitating a high de free olAI slill in its operation to secure ellicient operation; the high cest ot upkeep ol the lriln itself due to thebreakingdown and disint 'l the combustion chambers within the lirinp,l:ione olf the oven, and the elonf'ing down ot output due to necessary7repairs and rei'ilacenicnts, which necessitate stopping the operationolil the kiln and cool ingl it to enable worlnnen to enter the tiringrfionc.

a result ol extended observation and experience as a practicalmanufacturer of brfcle, tile, cto, which l terna coarse clay products todistinguish thein from the liner grades ot cla;T products such asporcelain7 pottery, etc. l have invented a novel tunnel lriln which.JWhile it may be usetul ilior other purposes, is especially designed :fortiring brick, tile and other coarse clay products, the actual tiring inthe Zone of highest heal'y bein@r accomplished by direct firing,permitting the use ot `Whatever :fuel may be the cheapest at thelocation ol the plant, Whether coal, wood, gas, oil, etc., andpermitting,1 ol a niuch cheaper construction ot that portion oit thetiring zone. rlhe prodiiicts oli' combustion are then led withinlonlfgitudiinil llucs through the prehcating Zones, and as the gases ol.combustion have alreadyv parted with inuch o'l their heat in the Hering`Zone, and are at considerably lower temperature where the7 enter theflue sjvf.- nils the tlucs can not only be constructed nl' comparativelycheap material.) but such lines are not subject to an;7 suchdeterioration as is the case Where they entend through the zone othighest heat and there'lore the l'lues will last iter 'vea rs withlittle or no rc l )airs and little or no interruption ot opera loinwhich thus results in .inaninnun output lli is possible to use directtiring` in treat iup; coarse clay products as they are not injured bydirect contact with the products ot combustion. rlhe bricks or tile tobe lired are piled or loaded upon cars Which are nioved longitudinallythrough the kiln or oren, and when subjected to the greatest heat bycontact with the products ot conibustion troni direct illiring, there isa slight shrinlage oilI the lnassw y lll) It is extremely important thatthe tiring should be `uniform ,throughout the piles or stacks on thecars, as an unequal distribution of heat would result in tiring portionsof the bricks while other portions might be left in unlired condition.The unequal distribution of heat would also cause the bricks to shrinklocally in the piles at points where exposed to the greatest heat, thuscausing the superimposed rows of brick to tilt with likelihood ofcausing the bricks to come into contact with the walls of the oven orkiln, or to topple off of the cars producing a wreck within the kiln,which would require the withdrawal of all the cars and a suspension ofoperation until the entire kiln had cooled, so that it could berepaired, or the wrecked car or cars removed and the rails cleared.

* According to my invention the kiln or oven is specially constructed sothat the products of combustion from the direct liriug furnaces arecaused to Venter the kiln near the bottom of the heating chamber, andare conducted to the top of the chamber through lateral passages betweenthe oven wall and longitudinally disposed flues interposed between thesaid passages and the goods, and are discharged toward or at the top ofthe oven preferably Vfrom both sides. where lthey are deflecteddownwardly into and through the goods on the cars, which arearrangedsok, as `to leave a` central vertical passage'for vthe purpose.The hot products of combustion therefore enter each carload of "bricksin the center and arerdistributed laterally and uniformly toward thelateral edges so thatthere is no danger of too rapid shrinkage of theouter rows of bricks which would topple them off of the car, or intocontact'with thev laterally arranged parts of the tunnel structure. Thelateral fiues are provided with special means hereinafter more fully-described for preventing the heated gases entering the oven frompassing downwardly between the goods and the lateral lues, andconsisting in tapering upwardly and inwardly extending portions on saidflues, and a lateral rib or ribs on the inner yface thereof. The centralportion of the roof ofthe oven in the hot zone is also preferablyprovided with a downwardly ex* tending longitudinal tapering rib havingcurved lateral faces which coacts with the other features of the oven indirecting the entering hot gases downwardly .into the goods. The lateralflues in the firing zone are 'provided with inlet apertures adjacent tothe bottom of the firing chamber to receive the products of combustionafter they have actedon the goods directly, and convev the products ofcombustionl through the heating flues of thepreheating Zone, or Zonesofthe kiln toward the forward end at which the cars arerintroduced,where the products of combustion are withdrawn by means of a fan orstack. This permits the products of combustion to effect the graduatedpreheating of the goods in the preheating zone or zones, the heat beingtransmitted to the air in the, oven drawn in at the front end of thesame, by means of a suitable fan and distributed to the direct firingfurnaces, thus supplying heated air for the combustion of the fueltherein. I also prefer to provide means for drawing cooling air from thedischarge end of the kiln or oven through a cooling flue convenientlylocated in the roof portion of the cooling Zone thereof, which air isgradually heated up by the heateX- tracted from the goods as they areslowly cooled, and the heated air may be con veniently discharged into aseparate drying chamber and utilized in driving the moisture out ofgreen bricks or tile previous to passing them through the kiln or oven.

By improved construction the unequal heating ofthe bricks on the cars,and particularly the burning of the bricks at the lateral portions ofthe piles of brick on the cars, which would result iu toppling themo-ver against the oven structure, is pre vented, as the lateral tlues inthe firing zone prevent the products of combustion from directlyimpinging upon the lateral portions of the piles of brick on the cars,and the construction and arrangement of the firing zone substantiallyprevents the n'oducts of combustion from descending t rough the spacebetween the ailes of bricks and the ad jacent inner latera walls of thelateral lues in the tiring zone, and forces the products of combustionto enter the piles of bricks from the top and centrally thereof, so thatshould any premature settling of any portion of the piles of brickresult, it will take place in the longitudinal center thereof, andmerely tend to tilt the bricks toward the center and not outwardly, thuspreserving the integrity of the piles and avoiding aceidents whichotherwise would interfere with the efficiency of the kiln.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Figs. l and ln represent a plan view, partly in section, of tunnel kilnconstructed in accordance with and embodying my invention, portionsbeing broken away.

Fig. 2 represents a vertical transverse section on the line Q--Q of Fig.l, taken through the .firing` zone of the kiln.v

Fig. 3 is a partial transverse sectional View taken on the line 3--3 ofFig. l, through one of the preheating zones of the kiln.

Fig. et is a similar partial transverse seetional view taken on the line4 4 of Fig. l` through another of the preheating zones of the kilnadjacent to the end at which the goods are introduced.

Referring to the embodiment of my ineral movement of the brick piles on'the cars adjacent to the lower portions thereof, than at the top, andconsequently less danger of the piles of goods coming into contact withsuch ribs. The inner walls, 18, of the receiving lines are provided attheir lower ends adjacent to the platforms, 9, with inlet aper tures,21, so that the products of combustion which descend vertically throughthe goods and permeate laterally therefrom toward the outer faces of thepiles, may be drawn into the interior of the receiving lines through theinlet apertures, 21. The construction of the receiving nues requires nospecial forms or materials, but they may be built permanently of lirebrick or other suitable mate rial in accordance with the usual practicein building flues subjected to high ten'iperatures, and these iues canbe cheaply constructedand will give efficient service with a mini mum ofexpense for repair and reconstruction.

Forward of the firing section, A, of the kiln, is located the preheatingsection, B, throughout which the side walls and roof portion of thetunnel are constructed substantially as hereinbefore described, exceptVthat the longitudinal rib, 3, in the roof, 2,

may be omitted, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, although it may also becarried through l`the preheating section, B, as in the iring sectionFig. 2, if desired. In the preheating section, B, the platforms, 9 9,with'their overhanging ledges 11 are continued so as to affordprotection for the frame and wheels of the trucks `or cars,butthroughont thel preheat- Y ing section, I prefer to employ adifferent type of lflue or flues to receive the products of combustionfrom the receiving flues, 12H12. The preheating section, B,'`may also beadvantageously subdivided into zones of varying temperature, thetemperature decreasing from the tiring section toward the forward endofthe preheating section. In the present instance I have Vshown thepreheating section, B, as comprising two zones, indicated at B and B2,and I have shown in Fig. 3 a type of heating flue therefor which Iprefer to employ in the zone, B2, while in Fig. 4 I have illustrated atype of heating lues which may be conveniently employed in the zone, B,wherethe lowest temperature in the kiln exists, the desideratum being toemploy flues havingV the highest efli- Vciency for heating the air inthe preheating section, while being at the saine time constructed ofmaterials capable'of withstanding the temperature of the products ofcombustion passing therethrough.

Thus, in Fig. 4, I have vshown the tunnel provided with heating lueserected upon the platforms, 9, of the well known Dressler type, such asare illustrated, for example, in United States Patent to Dressler, No.

y 1,330,432, except that the inner walls of the sections `forming' theflue construction are im- Leinen;

pervious adjacent to the pile of bricks, as indicated in Fig. Srielystated, the flue construction which is independent of the kiln itself,and supported on the platform, 9. thereof, is provided with a. centralflue, $30, formed between surrounding hollow walls. 31, indicating thebottom wall, 32, the inner all, 33, the exterior wall, and 34, theinclined top wall, all of which are hollow and communicate with eachother for the purpose of providing for a circulation of air within thehollow walls, and discharging the same into the interior of the kilnchan'iher, for the purpose of the preheating of the bricks or tiles,etc., on the cars ortrucks. It will be understood that the fines, 30,communicate with and receive the products of combustion from the receiwing flue, 12, of the tiring section of the kiln. It is to be understood,however, that by the time the products of combustion enter the heatingflues, 30, they have parted with a very considerable portion of theirheat in the tiring chamber, so that at the time they enter the heatinglines, 30, their temperature is so far reduced, that they will not causematerial deterioration of the hollow walls of the heating fines, evenafter their extend ed use. Consequently the heating tlues will lastindelinitely without likely repair' or reconstruction which would not bethe case were the `heating lues themselves em )loyed for the actualcombustion of the fuel, as is usually the case where this type of flueis employed.

In the preheating Zone, B, a considerably lower temperature will bemaintained than in thezone, B2, and I therefore ind it ad vantageous toemploy a much cheaper type of flue system for conveying the products ofcombustion therethrough, and which will at the same time increase theradiation of heat from the spent gases and assist in extracting as muchheat as possible therefrom, before they are dscharged.

To this end I have shown in Fig. 4 a system of metal pipes or conduits,indicted at 40, arranged upon the platform, 9, at each side of the kiln,which pipes or conduits are in connection at their inner ends with theflues, 130, and transmit the products of combustion therefrom to adischarge pipe or pipes, indicated at 50, see Fig. 1, by which they may-be conducted to a suitable exhaust fan or stack (not shown) wherein adraught is created so that there will be a suction Yfrom the pipethrough the heating fines, 40 and 30, and receiving lues, 12, whichsuction will draw the products of combustion into the receiving lines,12, through the orifices, 21, before described. In order to preventdirect radiation of heat from the pipes, 40, to the lateral portions ofthe piles of brick or other goods, which might result in an unequalheating of the same, and lead to minette premature `tiring` oi the enterroive ol.2 'the pile in the tiringv liln, and eoneeqnent out 'Werdtopplinlo; ol the infieles or uneoinnl tiringy; ot the ensue, l ii'oif'idn e eereeo or 'ir/:ill of brick or other Suitable materiel, indi:ated et ell; betiveen the pipes, llt), and the centri l goods epilee toprevent thie diret-t, radiation :ind insure the deliveryY oi the heatednir passing around the pipes to the upper eentrnl portion ot the liln.lhie Screen will ie preie'nhljrv proif'ided. with openingsE et ite lowerportion, et about the upper our 'lnee oli the phittorin, t), through.which the nir troin the trentini proode Space oil? the kiln om); readilyenter and cireulote upWerdljyv over the heating' pipee` 4:0, lt `will beunder Stood that llig'. 4l, ne well ne 55 :ire par tiel eeetioneshowing' only one side ot the kiln etrneture :it the pointe Where theeee tions :ire token :ind that the oifipoeite Side.y not Shown nt earchot the Goetionen ie oonetrueted eorieei'iondingly.

Shiitahle menne nro provided ior introdueinn' zitn'ioepherie nir intothe iront end oi the pririlleetingl Section oli' 'the liln7 :1nd the nirwithin the preheetiniz; Seetioin ll.k eoininp; in Contact with the'fined 40 n nd Sth ie [gradually heated ns it piieeee rearwardly? and ieoni-ined to oireulnte iipnnfii'dl);Y :it the sides; ot the kiln, to thetop ot the kiln and thenee dowmvnrdly :ind leternllv throurV the pileeolf' njoode on the eure. l have ind1- Cited diein'nininzitiea/lljgd n'inn tl() :it the end oll the prehezitinn Section, ll oil the hilo.,'tor drowing'i the nir lonii'tudinnllwi7 therethrough end dieehnreiJiin`it there/troni. ln order that the heet ren'inininp' in the oir may beutilized 'to the grentefit ndvontngneB thin heated nii' withdrawn tronithe prehentiiio; ehnniber will be :id'fentrinjeonnljv 'ted to the'lurnneee to noe-,int in the eoinbuetion oiI the Afuel then-)im :ind lhave indieeited dinirroinmziti folli' n pipe till Connected `with thelinie titl? pro" with brsjineh. piped (ML to the viii-ione turn:ieee`sind thin ltltribution oil the nir .nifty be e'lii'eeted in tinyconvenient or desired mennen`meordinn' to the elnuneter ol' the 'Fuelenipltnfed; l inziy uee ltwo tonie tilt ne indioaited in Fin'.

l i, or l may une one or more fie inni'r he required to eeoennliehed thedesired result.

l repreeen'te n cooling; eeetion o'l the hihi extending rezirnixirallytroni the tiring' ,ii tion d. rlhis portion ot the li'iln ie notrequired to he eonetrnet d in the Seine ninnnei.' zie thofie in whiel'iheeft ie to he imported to the inode :in it ie the YFunction ot thiepor" tion ol thi` hilo to efrnduellr oool the gooide by ifierniittinej:ind 'liiieilitetinng rndizition ot heet therelroui, leeordin, lin li'ne'ter to Cin C- torni. the welle olt thin section no ne to outlinethe Spice oeeui'ned by the ojoode :ind their conveying truele or eers ino `well known. fw'ziy und these rolle nietT be inode oli briel( oliimetal, or bothp or partly oit brieli;

find partly ot inetel, ne indy he desired to eiirry ont this notion.'llhe eenling section, C? ie oleo provided with the usuel Cooling; tineor three, eidendiiiej longitudinelljir therethronzirln t'or the 'nn'poeeoli mowing in Cool nir end 'tneilitetinglv the withdrawal of heet tronithe Iroede end the Welle of the Coolingfriction. This porti i o'li thekiln tollowe neural lriln prnetie and l have not epee ('nlljvillustrated the eeotionzil construetiou ot' the eooline` system oit theseine, ne the epeeiiie eoi'ietruetimi thereo't hz e no beer ingr on npreeei'it invention. nlhe Cooling section o the kiln is provided With. ninn or linnen indicated et "itl, 'toi' promoting :i eir (,:uliitinrg oteir into :ind through the cooling f-ieetiom the oir being); dischargedby the 'ten or 'toner 7th through pipesn 7L by which it iepreferitiiiiVV conveyed through (1, drying elnunber wherein the `Ireenelim)Y productie tre driedj iin'eliniinerjr to paesino; tothe kilm inorder they the heut india-ted by the lgoed@ in eoolii'igj, nifty hedraintnojeouely utilized ln the drowning @Ow-@(7), represent enpporting;rziile or tineke, eiftendiirD initu dinnlly through the entire lengthotthe tunnel kiln. 90, represente trunks or eine, which :ire ine'ierohlyprovided with metallie trainee` indicated 91, and provided with Wheels,927 running' on the tineke, 530, ezieli truck beine; provided With esuper sitrueturm indicated :it 953i 94 and 95, o't lire roeistinp;nuiterinl eneh ns :lire brick or the like end one or more Sections oil?the ei'iper etinetuii'e extends lnterzillj7 beyond the overH hangingledges ll ot the leteinl plntiiornn so ne 'to exclude the heet from thetruck tranne :und wheels ne 'tor ne possible. ,l also prettier 'to provide the Space between the plot ilornls with euiiliziry Cooling); ineuns,euch ne pipee3 9th on eeeh eide oi" the enid spacea Ajor exemplethroue'lfi wheh eool if een be pnened `for the pnrpoee oi 11mintnininp;comparatively low temperature adjacent to 'the trnel-t trainee :1ndWheels;n The upperinoet loyer. 95, oit the trnez Snpeintruetnre inpre'lfernbl)V7 torined in two perte, slightly,7 seperated :it thelonfiitndinel eeotei oi1 `the truele :ind provided With hori- Zontnlponenpjei indicated by dotted lines, nt 9"?, the upper 'tneee ot theeeetionei1 95i beine; reepeetivel;T inelined downwardly toward the lonnitudinnl @enter ot the 'trueh7 and the liriellre or other r@roede piledthereon in the nenni manner will? therefore, be in the forni ot twoliiterfilliY arranged pilesK inelinine; Slightly toward eoeh other but/leaving e eentrnl longitudinal poem-ige between theni lior the downwardpnesnpge ott the products of eonibuetion in the tiring' Zone oi? theliln :ind 'tor 'the heated oir in the prehezttingi eee- 'tioin :ind :forthe cooling nir in the cooling;l eeetion. lt will he nndere'tood thatthe eers will be introduced one :it n` tiine at the for* wird. end otthe kiln, and moved gradually toward? the rear -until the entire kilnfrom one end to the other is filled With cars, after which, at suitableintervals, a car is introw duced at the front end of the kiln bysuitable car lmoving apparatus, not shown, thereby pushing the remainingcars to the rear and discharging the last car from the cooling section,so that the operation of the kiln is continuous.

. Any desired type of fuel can be used in the furnaces, 7, according tothe location of the plant or the cheapness and plentifulness of fuel atsuch location. The fuel. may be coal, wood, gas or oil, as may be foundmost economical and desirable. As the combustion occurs in the furnacesand the products of combustion are discharged directly into the tiringsection of the kiln in contact with the goods to be fired, which are ofsuch a character as not to be injured thereby, the greatest possibleeconomy in the tiring of goods of this character is effected Without thenecessity of costly construction and with a minimum of wear and tear andexpensel of upkeep, while the products of combustion are taken into thereceiving fines and carried thereby into the heating` fines extendingthrough the preheating section or sections of the kiln so as to utilizethe heat ofthe spentgases in the most eliicicnt and economical manner,thus securing a very high efficiency in the utilization of heat, withgreatly reduced cost of constrncton, operation and upkeep, and insuringa ma imum of continuous output. My improved kiln also possesses thedistinct advantage that it may be erected anywhere where any sort offuel is available at reasonable prices Without imposing upon theoperator the necessity of using a particular kind of fuel. as

gas, and the expense and care of constructing` and operating a producergas plant in addition to the kiln.

`What I claim and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is l. In a tunneloven, the combination with a firing chamber having a goods space es;Htending longitudinally thereof, direct firing furnaces for said chamber,said chamber being provided With discharge passages for said furnacescommunicating with said chamber near the top thereof, and means fordeflecting the products of combustion downward centrally of the goodsspace, receiving flues located on opposite si des of said chamber,A andinterposing an imperforate. wall between the said passages andthe goodsspace, said Vreceiving Vllues being provided with inletv ports on theirinner faces adjacent to the lower portion of the goods space, and meansfor preventing the products of combustion discharged from said dischargepassage into said chamber from passing downwardly rtherefrom between`the goods and the inner Wallsof the receiving fines.

2. In a tunnel oven, the combination with a lirng chamber having a goodsspace extending longitudinally thereof, direct liring furnaces for saidchamber, said chamber being provided with discharge passages for saidfurnaces communicating with said chamber near the top thereof, and meansfor deflecting the products of combustion downward centrally of thegoods space, receiving tlues located on opposite sides of said cham-lber and interposing an imperforate wall between the said passages andthe goods space, said receiving iucs being provided with inlet ports ontheir inner faces adjacent to the lower portion of the goods space, andlongitud`nally disposed guard flanges extending from the upper ends ofthe inner walls of said receiving fines and j n'ojccting upwardly andinwardly toward the goods space, to prevent the products of combustionfrom said discharge flues passing downwardly therefrom between the goodsand the inner walls of the receiving fines.

3. In a tunnel oven. the combination with a, .tiring chamber having agoods space extending longitudinally thereof` direct firing furnaces forsaid chamber, said chamber being provided with discharge passages forsaid furnaces communicating with said chamber near the lop thereof, andmeans for deflecting the products of combustion downward centrally ofthe goods sapce. receiving fines located on opposite sides of saidchamber and interi )sing an iniperforate wall between the said passagesand the goods space, said rcceiving tlucs being provided with inletports on their inner faces adjacent' to the lower portion of the goodsspace, and longitudinally and horizontally disposed ribs on the innerwalls of said receiving flucs` extending toward the goods space. toprevent the pro ducts of combustion from said discharge fines pasingdownwardlj.' therefrom bctwccn the goods and the inner` walls of saidreceivincr fines.

ln a tunnel ovcn. the combination with a firing chamber having a goodsspace cxe tending longitudinally thereof, direct tiring furnaces forsaid chamber. said chamber being` provided with discharge passages forsaid furnaces communicating with said chamber near the top thereof. andmeans for dellecting the products of combustion downward centrally ofthe goods space. receiving fines located on opposite sides of saidchamber and interposing an im pei-forato wall bctween the said passagesand the goods space. said receiving fines being provided with in letports on their inner faces adjacent to the lower portion of the goodsspace` and longitudinally and horif/,ontally disposed ribs on the innerwalls of said receiving tiucs located in different horizo tal planes andextending toward the goods sj'racc to prevent the products of combustionfrom said dis lill lflt) inni, :i

charge lines passing' downwardlv tln-nie'troni between the goods and theinitier walls olr sa id receiving dues.

5, lin a tunnel ovein the eonihiinllion with n tiring1 ehainher hai/ingri` goods space tentliniiq loinritudlnalljtf thereofq direct tiring1'Furnaces 'for said chamber, said ehaniher being proifii'led withdischarge passages Ai'or said furnaces eorninunimiting with saidchambernear the top thereof. and ineens lor dellectinp; the products etcombustion do ww ward cent 'alliV ot the ggjoods space, receivinji;:lines located on opositi sides ot said enaniher and inteiposing` a nimpertorate wall hetween the said passages and the hoods space, saidreceiving tlues heine; lprt/ivided with inlet ports or their inner'faces ariljncent to the lower portion ot the `goods spacej and hing#tndinally and horizontallyY disposed rihs on the inner wall oli' saidrecei vin gr fines located in different liorizontal planes and extendingtoward. the goods space, sa id rihs "arvinn in horizontal width anddecreasing in width trom the hottom ot said dues upwardly.` toiilreven't the products oit comhnstion troni said discharge tlnespassing' downwardliv therelironi between the `goods and the inner wallsott said receiving` fines.

6. In a tunnel oven the combination with a. firing; chamber having` a,doods space en tending; lonpgitudinallv thereof?, direct tiring;lurnaees tor said chamber, said charnher heine' provided with dischargepassages vlor said furnaces communi :ating with said chamber near thetop thereof, and means to." detleeting the products ot combustiondownward centally ot the ,fgoods space, receiving' tlues located. onopposite sides ot said chain her and interposingr an iinperilnate wallhetween the said passages and the goods spin-,e7 said receivingv 'duesheine,` provided `with inlet ports on their inner 'laces adjacent to thelower portion ot the P{ ix'iods space` loneitd i na llv disposed @guardflanges .e ndinsvf 'troni the upper ends ol the inner walls to saidreceic ing tlnes and prejecting',` upwardl)7 and iti-- wardlythereitron'i, and loi'iig'itudinally and horimntall'jT disposed rihs onthe inner walls ot said rf-it'eivingr tlues helow said guard tlanges, toprevent the products ol coinhnstion trom said discharge tlnes [mssingrdownwardly thcreitroin hetween the goods and the inner walls oli' thereceivingfines.

i ln a. tunnel oven the conil'iination with afilirinp; chamber having afloods space tendine; lonpjitudinallilY thereo'tdirect tiringI Furnaceslor said chaniliei: said chainher hein provided with discharge passatres For said furnaces communicating with said ehainlier near the topthereof, and means For deflect ingr the products of combustiondownwardl)y` cent rally ot the roots space, receiving titles located onopposite sides oil` said chamber and interposing an innierforate wallbetween the said passages and the goods space, said re als eeivingnllues seing provided with inlet porta on their inner 'laces adfzzeent tothe lower portion ci" the ponds spare. longritndinalllv disposed tgnardtlz'ingics entenfglingr iliroin the upper ends ol the inner walls tosaid reeeiv ingr lines and proieetinn npivardlv and inwardlgVtliereli'einV1 and lonejitiuinallv and horiZontellyv disposed rilis onthe inner willi:` ot said receiving' tlnes l'relow said n'nnrfltiang'es. said ri horizontal planes goods space.

lin a tunnel oven? the combination with a tiring' chalnher having); alronds space are tendine` longtitndinally tlnwreotn direct hringAFurnaces for said chainl'ierq sa id chainh ir he ing); fn'ovided withdischaroje passages ttor said liurnaces connnunicatinol with saidchaniher near the top thereof. and ineans for detlectincl the productsol conilniistion downward centrally ot the goods spaceM receivii'ie;tlnes located on opijiosite sides o'l said ehainher and inteii'posinp;an impertorate wall lietwecn the said passages and the goods space.ysaid receivintil 'lines heine pro-l vided with inlet ports on theirinner taces adjacent to the lower portion ot the goods spaccalongitndinalli7 disposed guard flanges extending' from the npper endsel" the inner walls to said receiving; tin-es rnd projectingl rnpwardlvand inwardlyr there rein? and lonnitndinalllv and horizontall;T disposedrihs on the inner walls olf' said receiving; 'lines helen' said onardilanpges, said rihs heinn' located in dijtiierent l'iorizontal planesand varying@ iin horizontal width) said rihs decreasing; in width Atronithe hottoin ot the lines npwaii'dlv.

ik lo n tonnel even) the coinl'iination with a tiri; e* chanilfier,havino; a eu'oods space er heinl' located in :Vlitlerenl and Iteniilinp; lov-.d rd the teinflinp; longitndinailly t-liereo'in directtirinlsr AFurnaces 'tor said rhaniher loci ted lateriiillv with respectto said :goods space and tno vided with discharge passages continunientYipo' with the chainher adjacei'lt to the top ther-ecin said ehnniherlieirre; prov'ded with a curved root liavinn' n downwardl'if' entend--ingr longitudinal dclleelor located centrallljyr al'iove the goodsspace, receiving; Fines located on opposite sides et the pgoods spacejand interposine` an inlpin'lorate wall l1etween said passages and thegoods spacelg and provided with inlet ports on their inner tacos., saidreceiving); 'titles heilig provided at. their upper edges withlongitndinal Inail-d flanges entemlinnnpivardlv, and inwardlv hevond thevertical plane ot the i nner wall oit the tine. and harina1 their entertaces curved sul'isti/ntiallyy in contorn'iitv with the ciin'ved rootalthe spaces hetweon said flanges and the root 'toi-ming; portions oi saiddischarge passages.

l0. In a tunnel oven, the combination with a, tiringchaifnhen havirm' agoods space extending lrnigi'tudinelly th recit, direct ilirlill) l. lIi l. till ing furnaces for saidchamber located laterally with respectto said goods space and provided with discharge passages communicatingwith the chamber adjacent to the top thereof, said chamber beingprovided 'ith a curved roof having a downwardly extendi'ne longitudinaldetlector locatedcentrally ,veY the goods space, receiving fines locatedon oppositeisides of the goods space, and interposing an imperforatewall between said passages and the goods space, and provided with inletports on their inner faces, and means for preventing down draught tromsaid discharge passages between the goods in the goods space and theinner walls of said receiving fines.

ll. In a tunnel oven, the combination with a tiring chamber, having agoods space extending longitudinally thereof, direct firing furnaces forsaid chamber located laterally with respect to said goods space andprovided with discharge passages communicating with the chamber adjacentto the top thereof, said chamber being provided with a curved roofhaving a downwardly extending longitudinal reflector located centrallyabove the goods space, receiving flues located on opposite sides of thegoods space, and interposing an imperforate wall between said passagesand the goods space, and provided Vwith inlet ports on their innerfaces, the inner walls of said receiving tlues being provided withinwardly projecting horizontally disposed longitudinal ribs, forpreventing down draught from the discharge passages between the goodsand said inner walls.

v l2. In a tunnel oven, the combination with a firing chamber, having Vagoods space extending longitudinally thereof, direct liring .furnacesfor said chamber located laterallyl with respect to said goods space andprovided with discharge passages communicating with the chamber adjacentto the to'p thereof, said chamber being provided with a curved roofhaving a downwardly extending longitudinal deflector located centrally`above the goods space, receiving lues located on opposite sides of the0oods space, and interposing an imperforate wall between said passagesand the goods space, and provided with inlet ports on their inner faces,the inner walls of said receiving fines being provided with inwardlyprojecting horizontally disposed longitudinal ribs, the upper portionsof said receiving fines being provided with longitudinal guard flangesextending upwardly, and inwardly beyond the inner walls of said fines toprevent down draught from the discharge passages between the said fluesand the goods.

13. A tunnel oven having a longitudinally disposed chamber comprising afiring zone, and Zones of lower temperature, direct firing furnaces forthe tiring zone provided with discharge passages for discharging theproducts of combustion toward the top of the chamber' and deflectingthem downward centrally upon the goods, receiving lilies in the firingZone disposed on opposite sides of the goods space, and interposingimportorate walls between said discharge passages and the goods, saidflues being provided with inlet ports on their inner faces adjacent tothe bottom of the goods space, means for preventing the downward passageof the products of combustion in the tiring zone, from the dischargepassages into the space between the inner walls of the receiving iuesand the goods, and heating tlues independent of the oven structureextending longitudinally through a lower temperature Zone of the ovenand communicating with the receiving flues.

14. A tunnel oven having a longitudinally disposed chamber comprising aring zone, and zones of lower temperature, direct tiring furnaces forthe firing zone provided with discharge passages for discharging theproducts of combustion toward the top of the chamber and deflecting themdownward centrally upon the goods, receiving fines in the tiring Zonedisposed on opposite sides of the goods space, and interposingimperferate walls between said discharge passages and the goods, saidiues being provided with inlet ports on their inner faces adjacent tothe bottom of the goods space, means for preventing the downward passageof the products of combustion in the ring zone from the dischargepassages into the space between the inner walls of the receiving fluesand the goods, and heating lues independent of the oven structureextending 1ongitudinally through a lower temperature zone of the ovenand communicating with the receiving flues, means for effecting acirculat-ion of air from the cooler end of said lower temperature Zonein a direction toward the firing zone, and means for conducting theheated air and delivering it to the direct firing furnaces.

15. In a tunnel oven having a longitudinally disposed chamber,comprising a firing zone, and a preheating zone of lower temperature,direct firing furnaces for the firing zone provided with dischargepassages for delivering the products of coi'nbustion adjacent to the topof the chamber and deflecting them downward centrally upon the goods,receiving fines in the firing zone located within the oven on oppositesides of a central goods space, the walls of said receiving flues beingconstructed of fire brick, and said fines being provided with inletports on their inner faces adjacent to the bottom of the goods space,the prelieating Zone of the oven being provided with heating flues forthe air within said chamber arranged on opposite sides of the centralharnais goods space and connected with said recev ing flues at one endso as to receive the products of combustion of said furnaces after theyhave parted with a considerable portion of their heat within the firingzone.

16. In a tunnel oven provided with a liring zone and a preheating Zone,direct liring furnaces for the firing Zone, and means for dischargingthe products of combustion therefrom directly into the interior of thefiring Zone in contact with the goods, indirect heating means within thepreheating zone for heating the air therein, and means for conductingthe products of combustion from the firing zone through the indirectheating means within the preheat-ing none out of contact with the goodsin the preheat ing zone.

17. In. a tunnel oven provided with a tir* ing zone and a preheatingzone, direct liring furnaces for the tiring Zone, and means fordischarging the products of combustion therefrom directly into theinterior of the firing zone in contact with the goods, indirect heatingmeans within the preheating zone for heating the air therein, means forconducting the products of combustion from the firing Zone through theindirect heating means within the preheating Zone out of contact withthe goods in the preheating Zone, and means in the preheating Zone forpreventing the direct radiation of heat from the indirect heating meansto the goods.

18. In a tunnel oven having a longitudinally disposed chamber,comprising a liring Zone and preheating zones of lower teinperature,direct firing furnaces for the firing Zone provided with dischargepassages for delivering the products of combustion directly into the topof said. chamber and deflecting them downward centrally upon the goods,indirect heating flues located within the preheating zone adjacent tothe tiring Zone and connected therewith so as to receive the products ofcombustion after they have parted with a considerable por tion of theirheat, for heating the air in said preheating Zone, and indirect heatingflues having greater radiating properties than the first mentionedheating flues eX- tending through another preheating zone furtherremoved from the :tiring Zone, and adapted to receive the further cooledproducts of combustion from the first mentioned heating fines, and meansfor creating a circulation of the products of combustion from the.tiring zone successively through the heat ing flues within the saidpreheating zones of the oven.

19. ln a tunnel oven having a longitudinally disposed chamber comprisinga firing zone and preheating Zones of lower tempera-- ture, directfiring furnaces for the firing zone.

provided with discharge passages for discharging the products ofcombustion into said chanibcr acent to the top thereof, and deiiectinfthem downward centrally upon the goods, receiving flues of lire brichwith-- in the :tiring cone, on. opposite sides of the goods space, said.dues having inlet ports on their inner faces adjacent to the bottom ofthe goods s ace, indirect air heating tlues i hin the preheating Zoneadjacent to the tiring zone located on opposite sides of the goods spaceand formed of tiling and coininunicating with the receiving fines,indirect heating flues of .metal located within another preheating Zonefurther removed from the iii-ing zone, flues communicating with thethies of the preceding preheating zone, and tire resisting walls onopposite sides of the goods space in both of said preheating Zonesbetween the goods space and the adjacent heating fines to prevent directradiation to the goods.

20. lin a tunnel oven, walls defining a fir ing chamber extendinglongitudinally of the oven, means for conducting goods through saidchamber, direct firing furnaces and means for discharging the productsof combustion from said furnaces into said firing chamber, said goodswhen conducted through said firing chamber being closely positioned withrespect to said walls, together with means arranged in the space betweensaid walls and the goods being conducted through said chamber forpreventing down draft along the lateral sides of the goods beingconducted through the chamber.

fil. ln a tunnel oven, walls defining a firing chamber extendinglongitudinally of the oven, means for conducting goods through saidclnunber, direct firing furnaces and means for directing the products ofconibustion therefrom into said chamber, to gather with means associatedwith said walls for preventing down draft between the walls and thelateral sides of the goods.

In a tunnel oven, walls defining a firing chamber extendinglongitudinally of said oven, means for conducting goods through saidchamber, direct tiring furnaces and means for discharging the productsof coinlfiustion therefrom into said chamber, together' withlongitudinal laterally entendn ing 'baffles carried by the walls forprevent- 'u down draft between said walls and the lateral sides of thegoods.

ln a tunnel oven, walls defining a liring chamber extendinglongitudinally of said oven, means for conducting goods through saidoven, direct firing furnaces and means for discharging the products ofcoinbustion therefrom into the upper portion of said chamber, togetherwith longitudinally extending baffles projecting laterally from saidwalls to prevent down draft between said walls and the lateral sides ofthe goods, said battles being of different horizontal widthsu 24. In atunnel oven, Walls defining u firelly from seid wells to prevent downdraft ing chamber extending longitudinally of between said mills :1ndthe lateral sides of 10 said oven, means for conducting goods the goods,said bellies gradually decreasing through said oven7 direct firingfurnaces and in horizontal Width from the lowest tothe 5 means fordischarging the'produots of comhigliest one of the series.

bustion therefrom into the upper portion of In testimony whereof I uixmy signature-. Said chamber, together With a series oir' longitudinallyextending bailles projecting later- VILLIAM LEE HANLEY. JR.

